充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)操作方法：該車(che)子(zi)配(pei)備有固定(ding)(ding)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)們也可選配(pei)內(nei)(nei)置(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。當(dang)用固定(ding)(ding)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，先(xian)打開側門，將充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)插(cha)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)從車(che)上拔出(chu)(chu)，并將充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)插(cha)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)插(cha)入(ru)固定(ding)(ding)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)(jie)插(cha)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)，然后將固定(ding)(ding)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)插(cha)頭插(cha)入(ru)二(er)相交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，數(shu)秒(miao)鐘后開始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)用內(nei)(nei)置(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，先(xian)打開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)箱蓋，然后將充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插(cha)頭(在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶箱蓋內(nei)(nei))的孔內(nei)(nei)取出(chu)(chu)，并將充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插(cha)頭插(cha)入(ru)二(er)相交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，數(shu)秒(miao)鐘后開始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

警告

充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)電(dian)池箱內聚集有氫氣，充(chong)電(dian)環境要有良好的(de)通(tong)風條件，不能(neng)有明(ming)火，否則(ze)將會引(yin)起(qi)爆炸，或火災。

1 初充電

1.1未經使用的電(dian)(dian)池在使用前(qian)應進行初充電(dian)(dian)，即第一(yi)次充電(dian)(dian)。初充電(dian)(dian)前(qian)應將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池表面擦拭干凈，檢查有無損壞，保證聯接可靠。

1.2打開氣蓋(gai)。

1.3在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備能正常工作的條(tiao)件下將密度為1.260±0.005(25℃)溫(wen)度小(xiao)于30℃的硫酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液灌入電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，液面高(gao)出(chu)保護板(ban)(ban)15～25(mm)。為了降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液因化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)而(er)上(shang)升的溫(wen)度讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液充(chong)(chong)分滲入極板(ban)(ban)，隔(ge)板(ban)(ban)孔隙內(nei)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池需靜置(zhi)3～4小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，不超過8小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。待液溫(wen)降(jiang)至35℃以下方(fang)可進行初充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。(必(bi)要時(shi)(shi)可在冷水槽(cao)中(zhong)降(jiang)溫(wen))靜置(zhi)后液面下降(jiang)應(ying)補足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液。

1.4硫(liu)酸(suan)電(dian)解(jie)液是用(yong)(yong)符合國家(jia)標準GB4554-84的蓄電(dian)池硫(liu)酸(suan)與蒸(zheng)餾水配置而成，切勿(wu)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)業硫(liu)酸(suan)、自來水代用(yong)(yong)。電(dian)解(jie)液標準溫度(25℃)密度按下式進(jin)行換算。

D25=Dt+0.0007(t-25)

式中(zhong)：D25：25℃時電解液(ye)密(mi)度。

Dt：t℃時電解液實測密度。

t：測量密度(du)時的電(dian)解液溫(wen)度(du)。

1.5 擦干濺落在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表面的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)正、負極(ji)分別(bie)與直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機)的(de)正、負端(duan)相接，接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan);先用(yong)30A(第①階段(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu))充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到28.8V(12×2.4V=28.8V)時(shi)改用(yong)第②階段(duan)15A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液溫(wen)度(du)不(bu)得超過(guo)45℃，接近45℃時(shi)應減半充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)或暫(zan)停充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);待液溫(wen)降至35℃以(yi)下再繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。但需適當(dang)延長充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。

1.6充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)的依據：在第②階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達31.2V(12×2.6V=31.2V)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化不大(da)于0.005(V);電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液密度達到1.280±0.005(25℃)，2小時內無(wu)明顯變化并有(you)細(xi)密氣(qi)泡激烈發生時就認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已(yi)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)。其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)為額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的4～5倍，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間約70小時。

1.7為了準確控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)硫酸含量(liang)，在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)末期應(ying)檢(jian)查各(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)密(mi)度;如有(you)不符則用蒸餾(liu)水或密(mi)度為1.40的(de)硫酸進(jin)行調整(zheng)(zheng)，并應(ying)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下的(de)2小時內將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)密(mi)度與液(ye)(ye)面(mian)調整(zheng)(zheng)至規定值。

1.8初充電結束(shu)后將電池(chi)表面擦干凈(jing)，閉上掀蓋(gai)式液孔塞(sai)的掀蓋(gai)，方可投(tou)入使(shi)用。

2 使用和維護

2.1為保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命，凡投入(ru)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)(dian)池應處于充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)狀態;充(chong)電(dian)(dian)不(bu)足的電(dian)(dian)池不(bu)可使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)過程中應密切注意(yi)放電(dian)(dian)程度，嚴禁(jin)過量放電(dian)(dian)——即電(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)至1.7V/只(總電(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)至1.7V×12=20.4V時)，電(dian)(dian)解液密度降(jiang)至1.17時應停止(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)并及時充(chong)電(dian)(dian);不(bu)得長時間擱置。該種在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)過程中需(xu)經常(chang)進行的補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)稱為普通充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

2.2普(pu)通充(chong)電(dian)：普(pu)通充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)按第(di)(di)一階(jie)段電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)(wei)30A，第(di)(di)二階(jie)段電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)(wei)15A，充(chong)電(dian)方法與初充(chong)電(dian)一樣(yang)，充(chong)入(ru)電(dian)量為(wei)(wei)放出電(dian)量的130～140%，充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間約12小時(shi)左右。

2.3正常使用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)應避免過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)，但對下列幾種情(qing)況的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)必須進行(xing)適量過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)，即均衡充電(dian)(dian)。

a.電(dian)池(chi)組中的(de)(de)“落后電(dian)池(chi)”——指充放電(dian)過程中電(dian)壓值(zhi)低于其它(ta)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)及因(yin)故障(zhang)檢修過的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)。(均(jun)衡充電(dian)時(shi)應將落后電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)正(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)極分別與(yu)直(zhi)流電(dian)源的(de)(de)正(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)端相接單獨(du)進行)

b.正常使用的(de)電池每2～3個月進行一次均衡充電。

c.長(chang)時間沒(mei)有使(shi)用的電(dian)池在使(shi)用前應進行均衡(heng)充電(dian)。

2.4均衡(heng)充電：

a.以4A電流進(jin)行充電。

b.充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達到31.2V(12×2.6V=31.2V)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)液內有氣泡發生(sheng)時(shi)減(jian)半電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(即2A)繼續充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

c.充至充足電狀態(tai)時(shi)(shi)停(ting)充0.5小時(shi)(shi)再用1A電流充電1小時(shi)(shi)。

d.再停充0.5小(xiao)時后用1A的電流充電1小(xiao)時。

e.按d 條重復數次直至充(chong)電機一(yi)合(he)閘，電池就有氣泡(pao)激烈發生為止。

3 保管與貯存

蓄電池(chi)應放在(zai)5～40℃的(de)(de)清潔、干燥、通(tong)風的(de)(de)倉庫內(nei)，有效貯存(cun)期(qi)為二年。在(zai)貯存(cun)期(qi)內(nei)須按下列要求妥善(shan)保(bao)管。

a.不受陽光直射，離(li)熱源距離(li)不得(de)少于2m。

b.避免與任(ren)何(he)有害物質接觸(chu)，任(ren)何(he)金屬雜質不得掉(diao)入電池內。

c.不準倒(dao)置，不得受任何機械撞擊或重壓。

d.不允許帶(dai)電(dian)解液(ye)貯存(cun)，特殊情況需帶(dai)電(dian)解液(ye)貯存(cun)時應充足電(dian)瓶(ping)將電(dian)解液(ye)的(de)密度與液(ye)面(mian)調(diao)整至(zhi)規定值。貯存(cun)期(qi)滿一個月須(xu)按(an)普通(tong)充電(dian)方法進行一次補充電(dian)。